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Physiology · Part I · Sample

Why does persistent vomiting make the blood alkaline?

ABicarbonate is lost in the vomit
BH⁺ and Cl⁻ are lost, so bicarbonate is not cancelled
CFluid loss causes acidosis

Why: the acid is thrown away, so the bicarbonate sent into the blood is never cancelled.

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Physiology / Acid–base / AnswerSample

Single best answer · Question 7 of 20

Why does a patient with persistent vomiting become alkalotic?

AMetabolic acidosis, because fluid is lostYour answer
BMetabolic alkalosis, low chloride and potassiumRight
CRespiratory alkalosis from pain
DRespiratory acidosis from aspiration
The reasoning
  1. 1
    Normal

    Parietal cells send H⁺ into the stomach and HCO₃⁻ into the blood. The pancreas later neutralises the acid, so the two cancel.

  2. 2
    Abnormal

    Vomiting throws the H⁺ and Cl⁻ away. Lost volume drives aldosterone: the kidney trades Na⁺ for H⁺ and K⁺.

  3. 3
    So

    Metabolic alkalosis, low chloride, low potassium, and an acid urine.

  4. 4
    The trap

    “Acidosis, because fluid is lost.” That is diarrhoea, which loses bicarbonate.

You fell for the trap

Option A is diarrhoea's picture, not vomiting's.

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